
Subtitling · Punjabi
Punjabi subtitling services
Native Punjabi subtitlers for film, music, broadcast, corporate video and eLearning. Gurmukhi for India and Shahmukhi for Pakistan, each one written rather than converted. Part of a full Punjabi language service: subtitles, voice over scripts and translation.
About Punjabi subtitling
One language, two scripts, and no file that serves both
Punjabi is written two ways that share no letters at all. Gurmukhi is the official standard script in India, used in offices, schools and media in Punjab state; Shahmukhi, built on the Perso-Arabic alphabet, is what Punjabi is written in across the border. The research on converting between them opens from the plain observation that speech crosses that border and writing does not: spoken Punjabi is mutually comprehensible east and west, the written form is not.
The two are not mirror images either. Shahmukhi leaves short vowels implied, as Perso-Arabic scripts do, and the gap has been measured: one published study counted short vowels in 1.66% of a Shahmukhi corpus against 6.13% of a Gurmukhi one, and found single Shahmukhi words with four valid Gurmukhi readings. Which of the two you hand a subtitler decides how much the file has already told them.
So the first thing we settle on a Punjabi brief is which script your viewer reads, and the second is which one your source arrived in. Where both audiences are in scope we quote two deliverables and write each of them, because the second version is not a setting on the first. Automatic conversion gives a subtitler somewhere to start; it does not give you a file to ship.


Which do you need?
Open captions, closed captions or SDH
Three different deliverables that people often ask for by the wrong name. Here is the short version.
Open captions
Burnt inSubtitles burnt permanently into the picture. Nobody can switch them off, which is exactly what you want for social feeds that autoplay muted — and in Punjabi it spares the player from having to find a face and a direction for a script it may not know.
- Always visible
- Script and direction settled at delivery
- Delivered as a finished video file
Closed captions
SwitchableA separate file the viewer can turn on and off, and that can carry several languages at once. The standard for YouTube, Vimeo and the streaming platforms.
- Viewer controls them
- Multiple languages from one video
- Indexed by search engines
SDH
AccessibilitySubtitling for the deaf and hard of hearing: dialogue plus speaker IDs and the sound effects and music cues that carry meaning.
- Speaker identification
- Non-dialogue audio described
- Meets accessibility requirements
Subtitles or captions? The two terms are often used interchangeably. Strictly, subtitles translate the dialogue for viewers who can hear the audio, while captions are same-language and add speaker labels and sound cues for viewers who cannot. We produce either — translated Punjabi subtitles or same-language Punjabi captions and SDH — in whichever form your platform and audience require.
What we subtitle
Punjabi subtitling for every kind of content
Punjabi work reaches us as film and music video, broadcast, agricultural and public-health communication and campaign material, and almost all of it is aimed at one side of the border rather than at both.
Corporate & training video
Internal comms, onboarding and product training subtitled for global teams and LMS delivery.
eLearning & online courses
Timed, readable subtitles for course platforms, MOOCs and instructional video.
Documentary & factual
Festival, broadcast and streaming documentaries, including interview clean-up and on-screen text.
Advertising & social
Burnt-in captions for muted autoplay on Instagram, TikTok, YouTube and paid social.
Streaming & OTT
Platform-spec subtitle and caption files for VOD, OTT and broadcast delivery.
Accessibility (SDH & closed captions)
Same-language SDH and closed captions to meet WCAG and accessibility requirements.
Events, webinars & conferences
Recorded talks, town halls and webinars captioned for on-demand viewing.
E-commerce & product video
Short product and explainer videos captioned to lift conversion and reach.
How can we help you?
Your project manager has everything covered
One point of contact from brief to delivery, and both a linguistic and a technical check on every file.
Brief review
We review your video, your audience and the player, and the first thing we settle is which of the two scripts your viewers read and which one your source arrived in.
Template and translation
Where needed, we create an English subtitle template first, then send it to a native Punjabi subtitler.
Timing and quality checks
Subtitles are timed against the video and checked for reading speed, line length, spelling held to the script being delivered, and format compliance.
Delivery and display check
Files delivered in the format you need, in Gurmukhi or Shahmukhi as agreed, written by a subtitler who works in that script.
Our standards
The specs we work to
Readable subtitles are a matter of measurable limits, not opinion. These are the defaults we apply to Punjabi unless your style guide says otherwise.
Maximum per line
37 for broadcast delivery
Maximum on screen
Bottom-weighted, centred
Reading speed
Lower for children's content
Minimum duration
Seven seconds maximum
There is no published subtitle guide for Punjabi in either script, so these four are where we start rather than where we finish, and your own delivery spec overrules them wherever you have one. One rule we add ourselves on a two-script project: both versions hold the same time on screen. The counts will not match and they do not need to, but a viewer on either side of the border gets the same window to read in.
Deliverables
Professional subtitle formats
We adapt your existing translations into subtitle format or create subtitles from scratch, in Punjabi, English or any other language. And if the project needs a timed script or a plain document instead, we deliver that too.
Standard text-based
Compatible with most platforms and players.
Broadcast & professional
For broadcasters, post houses and streaming delivery specs.
Burnt-in video
A finished file with the subtitles baked into the picture, Gurmukhi or Shahmukhi as ordered.
Need a different format? Convert SRT, VTT and more with our free subtitle converter →
| Where it's going | What we deliver |
|---|---|
| YouTube, Vimeo & LMS platforms | SRT or VTT closed captions |
| Netflix, Amazon & broadcast | IMSC, TTML or EBU-STL to platform spec |
| Instagram, TikTok & paid social | Burned-in captions in MP4 (open captions) |
| Premiere, Final Cut & DaVinci Resolve | SRT / VTT that import straight into your edit |
Not sure which you need? Tell us the destination platform and we deliver to its exact spec.
Punjabi specifics
Where the readers are, and which way the conversion runs
Punjabi has around 150 million native speakers across counts taken between 2011 and 2023, which places it among the largest languages in the world by that measure. The split is lopsided: 88.9 million returned Punjabi in Pakistan's 2023 census against 31.1 million in India's 2011 census, so the larger readership is the one on the Shahmukhi side of the line.
Official standing runs the other way. Punjabi is the sole official language of Punjab state in India, while in Pakistan no regional language holds official status nationally, where Urdu and English do. The two scripts also sit in different places in the standards: Gurmukhi has a Unicode block and a script code of its own, Guru, and runs left to right, while Shahmukhi is written in the Arabic script and set, like Urdu, in a Nastaliq hand.
The direction of travel matters whenever a conversion is involved. Published transliteration systems report around 98.6% word-level accuracy from Gurmukhi to Shahmukhi and 97% coming back, and the words missed on the return trip are the ones the script does not fully spell. That is why a converted file goes to a native writer of the target script before anything is timed, rather than after.
Since 2008
Subtitling & captioning
100+
Languages covered
ISO 9001 & 14001
Certified processes
24–48h
Typical turnaround
Subtitling rates
Professional Punjabi subtitling
For single videos and straightforward content where accurate, well-timed subtitles are what you need.
- Native Punjabi subtitler
- Gurmukhi or Shahmukhi, agreed upfront
- Frame-accurate timing
For longer content and recurring projects, including transcription, SDH, burned-in subtitles and multiple output formats.
- Everything in Standard
- Transcription and template
- SDH and burnt-in
- A written version in each script
Every project is quoted individually and backed by our Price Match Promise. Send us your video for an exact, no-obligation quote.
Not sure what your Punjabi subtitles will cost?
Send us the video — or just its running time — and we come back with an itemised quote: running time, languages and output formats priced line by line, with nothing hidden. No obligation, and if you find a like-for-like price lower, we will match it.
- Free, itemised quote
- No obligation
- Price Match Promise
Trusted by global brands
Related services
The rest of your Punjabi project
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Most common questions
Do we need one Punjabi subtitle file or two?
That depends on where the video plays. Gurmukhi and Shahmukhi have no letters in common, and a Punjabi speaker who follows every word of the audio still cannot read a line written in the other one. One file serves one side. Where the distribution genuinely covers both, we quote the second version separately so you can weigh it against what that audience is worth.
Can Gurmukhi subtitles be converted into Shahmukhi automatically?
A converter will get you most of the way in that direction, and published systems report better than 98% accuracy at word level, but the remainder is not spread evenly across the file. It clusters on names, borrowings and anything the source spelled unusually, which is exactly what viewers notice. We use conversion as a first draft and put a Shahmukhi writer over the result.
Why is the conversion harder in the other direction?
Because Shahmukhi does not write short vowels. One study of the two scripts found short vowels present in 1.66% of a Shahmukhi corpus against 6.13% of a Gurmukhi one, and identified single Shahmukhi words that map onto four different valid Gurmukhi words depending on context. Choosing between them is reading, not mapping, and only somebody who knows the content can do it.
Our source is in Shahmukhi and we need Gurmukhi. What does that involve?
A reading pass, not a conversion step. We put the file in front of a subtitler who reads both scripts, and they resolve every word the source left ambiguous by working from the audio and the context rather than from the spelling alone. The timings carry over unchanged, which keeps the cost well below starting again from the video.
What does Punjabi subtitling cost per minute?
Punjabi subtitling starts at £20 per minute of video, per script. Running time drives most of the figure, along with whether we transcribe the audio first, whether you need SDH or a burnt-in master, and how many delivery formats you want. A second version in the other script is quoted on its own line so you can decide it separately, under our Price Match Promise.
Our footage is already in Punjabi. Can you caption it without translating?
Yes, and it is a lot of what we do here, particularly for music and film. Same-language captions and SDH give accessibility teams what they need and keep muted feeds readable. The script question does not go away on a same-language job: the dialogue may be Punjabi already, but the caption still has to be in letters the viewer can read.
We already have a Punjabi transcript or SRT. Can you work from it?
We can, and it usually brings the cost down. We spot and time from what you send and check it against the audio, and the first question is which script it is in and whether that is the script your audience reads. Where no transcript exists we transcribe the Punjabi audio first. Either route gets the same linguistic and technical QA.
Will your Punjabi files open correctly in my editing software?
They will. We deliver SRT, VTT, STL and TTML into Premiere Pro, Final Cut Pro, DaVinci Resolve and the major online editors. A Shahmukhi file asks more of the chain than a Gurmukhi one, since the software has to carry the right direction and a face that covers the script, so tell us which one you need and where it is going and we will confirm it there.
Ready to subtitle your video in Punjabi?
Send us your video and we'll come back with an exact, itemised quote.
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Voice over
- State-of-the-art studios
- Neumann microphones
- On-hand sound engineers
- 1,000+ voice actors
Translation
- 100+ languages covered
- Tailored to your needs
- Stringent quality control
- Dedicated project managers
Subtitling
- Experienced subtitlers
- Industry-standard software
- Burn-in and graphic editing
- Open and closed captions
Transcription
- Improve accessibility
- Reach a wider audience
- Boost SEO and video views
- Maximise video engagement



